Total return

Total return is a metric that measures the financial performance of an investment over a specific period. It captures not only price gains or losses, but also all current income accrued during the holding period, such as dividends, interest, or withholding tax entitlements (when considering gross income). To calculate the total return, one first adds the change in value and the income. This sum is then divided by the initial capital invested. The result is expressed as a percentage or as an absolute figure. This metric allows for the objective assessment and precise comparison of the performance of various assets or portfolios.